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The Power of Movement in Plants

Autor Charles Darwin
en Limba Engleză Paperback
Excerpt: ...(Fam. 180). Cannabis sativa (?). Cannabineae (Fam. 195). Brassica oleracea (Cruciferae).-It was shown in the first chapter that the cotyledons of the common cabbage rise in the evening and stand vertically up at night with their petioles in contact. But as the two cotyledons are of unequal height, they frequently interfere a little with each other's movements, the shorter one often not standing quite vertically. They awake early in the morning; thus at 6.45 A.M. on Nov. 27th, whilst if was still dark, the cotyledons, which had been vertical and in contact on the previous evening, were reflexed, and thus presented a very different appearance. It should be borne in mind that seedlings in germinating at the proper season, would not be subjected to darkness at this hour in the morning. The above amount of movement of the cotyledons is only temporary, lasting with plants kept in a warm greenhouse from four to six days; how long it would last with seedlings growing out of doors we do not know. Raphanus sativus.-In the middle of the day the blades of the cotyledons of 10 seedlings stood at right angles to their hypocotyls, with their petioles a little divergent; at night the blades stood vertically, with their bases in contact and with their petioles parallel. Next morning, at 6.45 A.M., whilst it was still dark, the blades were horizontal. On the following night they were much raised, but hardly stood sufficiently vertical to be said to be asleep, and so it was in a still less degree on the third night. Therefore the cotyledons of this plant (kept in the greenhouse) go to sleep for even a shorter time than those of the cabbage. Similar observations were made, but only during a single day and night, on 13 other seedlings likewise raised in the greenhouse, with the same result. The petioles of the cotyledons of 11 young seedlings of Sinapis nigra were slightly divergent at noon, and the blades stood at right angles to the hypocotyls; at night the...
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781489582164
ISBN-10: 1489582169
Pagini: 546
Dimensiuni: 189 x 246 x 28 mm
Greutate: 0.96 kg
Editura: CREATESPACE

Cuprins

Introduction; 1. The circumnutating movements of seedling plants; 2. General considerations on the movements and growth of seedling plants; 3. Sensitiveness of the apex of the radicle to contact and to other irritants; 4. The circumnutating movements of the several parts of mature plants; 5. Modified circumnutation: climbing plants, epinastic and hyponastic movements; 6. Modified circumnutation: sleep or nyctitropic movements, their use, sleep of cotyledons; 7. Modified circumnutation: nyctitropic or sleep movements of leaves; 8. Modified circumnutation: movements excited by light; 9. Sensitiveness of plants to light: its transmitted effects; 10. Modified circumnutation: movements excited by gravitation; 11. Localised sensitiveness to gravitation and its transmitted effects; 12. Summary and concluding remarks; Index.


Descriere

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Written in collaboration with his son Francis, a notable botanist, this 1880 book builds on Darwin's earlier investigations into climbing plants, orchids, insectivorous plants, flower variety, and the processes of fertilisation. This detailed study of many species from seed to mature plant further develops Darwin's work on adaptation and evolution, with the aim of collating the results of individual studies into common factors applicable to plants in general. Particular emphasis is given to analysis and investigation of the process here termed circumnutation, the movement of the stem of the plant in order to direct the head in certain directions. This is seen as of paramount importance, with the conclusion that it is modification of this feature that has enabled plants to adapt and evolve so diversely. The authors also note similarities between plants and animals, such as sensitivity to touch and habit of action at certain times.


Notă biografică

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was born in Shropshire, England. His first text chronicling his five-year voyage on the HMS Beagle, which included his notable visit to the Galapagos Islands, earned him success as an author in 1839. His observations from the Galapagos, alongside an interest in natural history from an early age and studies over the consequent years, informed the development of his biological theories, culminating the ground-breaking text 'On the Origin of Species' for which he is best known.